What Is Middleware? Definition, Guide & Examples
Working in between the operating system and the applications running on it, middleware can offer protocols and capabilities to applications beyond what the operating system provides.
Middleware is a type of software that can support connectivity or communication between multiple application components or applications not designed to connect to each other within a distributed network. Middleware is also a tool that can streamline application development.
There are several types of middleware that can provide various functions, such as messaging, security authentication, web application servers, database management, and API management. Within an enterprise, middleware can help to connect all the necessary components serving as a centralised integration hub in a cloud-based system.
Middleware has a range of applications to help provide services for and connections between applications that they do not traditionally have.
What is middleware?
Middleware was initially a type of go-between working between the application front end, or the user, and the back-end resource like the database or mainframe application. Today, it has evolved into all forms of connectivity between two or more applications, including both front-end and back-end connectivity, and connecting resources within the cloud.
Middleware is software that enables applications to communicate and connect to each other in ways that they were not designed to — so, outside of their native capabilities. Middleware can form the translation layer between an operating system and the applications running on it.
Middleware is often called the “software glue,” as it facilitates communication between multiple applications while acting as the intermediary.
Types of middleware
There are a variety of different types of middleware and provided services. The types of middleware you will use will depend on what services you require. For example, middleware can be used for authentication purposes or to set up SSO (single sign-on). It can also be used for messaging, distributed processes, or transaction management.
Some different types of middleware include the following:
- Database middleware: This eases and streamlines the interaction with and access to back-end databases. It is commonly some form of a SQL database server.
- API middleware: This allows other developers to connect to your applications by providing tools to create, manage, and expose APIs for your applications. This can include API management platforms, API developer portals, and API gateways.